The Hurooful Madd letters are:
اوي
MADDUL ASLI – The Original Elongation of 2 Harakah (Qasr – shortness)
Alif (ا) is one of the letters of Madd when it is preceded by a Fathah (َ)
Waw (و) is one of the letters of Madd when it is preceded by a Dammah (ُ)
Yaa (ي ) is one of the letters of Madd when it is preceded by a Kasrah (ِ)
Examples:
MADDUL MUTTASIL – The joined madd
When a Hurooful Madd letter (اوي) is followed by a Hamza (ء) in the same word, the Madd is known as Maddul Muttasil. The length of recitation of the Maddul Muttasil should be Tul (lengthy). i.e. 4 to 6 Harakaat long (4-6 second duration)
Examples:
MADDUL MUNFASIL – The detached
If a word ends in one of the Hurooful Madd letters (اوي) and the following word begins with a Hamza (ء) then that Madd is known as Maddul Munfasil. The length of recitation of the Maddul Munfasil will be Tawassut (intermediate). i.e. 3 to 5 Harakaat (3-5 second duration)
Examples:
MADDUL LAAZIM – Compulsory
It is imperative to pronounce the Huroof Muqatta Aat letters which appear at the beginning of a Surah. This Madd is called Maddul Laazim. The length of recitation of Maddul Laazim will be Tul (lengthy). i.e. 6 Harakaat long (6 second duration).
Examples:
MADDUL AARIDH – The abrupt stop
If after any Hurooful Madd letter (اوي) there appears a Saakin (ْ ) which is caused by a Waqaf (stop) then such a Madd is known as Maddul Aaridh. The length of recitation of the Maddul Aaridh will be tawassut (intermediate). i.e. 2 to 5 Harakaat long. (2-5 second duration).
Examples:
